generution computers. One millisecond is equal to nanoseconds. MFLOPS stands for 1 Gbyte is equal to bytes. In burst transfer mode, the complete access to the bus is given to the until the block of data is trinsferred. In WO special 1/O instructions exist and control lines are designed for each 1/O instruction. An is a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a ruaning program and allows a special program to run in order to handle the IO operations. RISC stands for In I/O, CPU runs program instructions to check the status of the EO device. Bach entry in the interrupt vector contains a jump instruction to the address of an Q.2. Answer the following questions a. (9 points) Convert decimal 100.50 to binary and ropresent it using IEEE 32 -bit standend regresentation. b. ( 6 points) Convert decimal +55 to binary and represent it in sign magnitude and 2's complement ropresent itions, using 8 bits. Sign-magnitude 2 s complement c. ( 5 points) A computer has 500MH processor and the average CPI is 4. Calculate the excecution time of grognam having Imillon instructions (in scoonds) d. (5 points) A computer has 2Gbyte main memory, where cach memory word is 32 bits. How bits are there in a memory address? e. (5 points) In a virtaal memory system, virual addresses are 28 bits and physical adfresses are 16 biss. Fuge siat is 1024 words. How many bits in the main memory address are nsed as the page frame number? f. (5 points) In a virtual memory system, virtual addresses are 28 bits and physical adresses are 16 bits. Fhac sine is: 1024 words. How many bits in the main memory adtress are used as the page frame number? g. (5 points) A compoter system las a unified level 1 eache (I.1). For a given program with 1 million instructions, L eache miss rate is 20%. Average instraction execution time is 20ns. For the misses, time to take a block from main memory into 1.2 eache is 300 ns. Calculate the time to execute this program. Give your result in milliseconds. h. (5 points) In the control memory 8 control words are allocated for each execute routine. Bxecute routines are placed in the sccoad half of the control memory. Opcodes are 6 bits. Design the mapping and write starting address of the routine which has opcode 001011. i. (10 points) A computer has a main memory with 4 page frames. A process references the following pages in the given order: Page numbers: A,D,A,C,D,B,C,A,B - On the following diagram, show where the pages are placed in the main memory. Use least frequently used (LFU) page replacement algorithm. - On the following diagram, show where the pages are placed in the main memory. Use least reeently used (LRU) page replacement algorithm. Q.3. (10 poinfs) Consider the following stages for the pipelined instraction exceution cycle: 1. Fetch instruction and decode (F) 2ns 2. Fetch operands and Fxecute (I) 3ns 3. Write result (W) 1ns a. Draw a time chart showing the execution times of 5 instructions. b. Caleulate the exccution time for 1000 instructions with the above pineline. c. Calculate the execution time for 1000 instructions without using pipelining d. Calculate the specdup for 1000 instructions. Q.4. (15 points) The maicrooperations in the fetch cyele are as follows: Fetch cycle: GiMAR \& PC tt:MBRMemory,PCPC+1 t2: IR F MBR. TXI instruction is desigmned to calculate 2x+1 and it is defined as follows: c&2 - Memory +1 TXI instruction has direct addressing mode and its opeode is 10112, Ex: TXI 100H ALU can perfom only the following operations: clear AC, inerement AC, decrement AC, shift right AC, shift left AC, 1 's complement AC, add MBR to AC. a. Write the microoperations for the execute cycle of TXI instruction. b. For hardwired control, 1. Write the control signals for the microoperations in (a). ii. Draw the circuit to be connected to the load input of AC. c. For mieroprogrammed control, following mierooperation codes are given. Write the binary microcode for the. execute cyele of TXI instruction. Assume that the starting address of the TXI routine in the cootrol memory is 011010002 and Fetch routine sturts at address 100000002