Question: Given below are Microsoft Excel outputs for various estimated autoregressive (AR) models for Australia's greenhouse gas - CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) from 2000

Given below are Microsoft Excel outputs for various estimated autoregressive (AR) models for Australia's greenhouse gas - CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) from 2000 to 2020. From the data, you also know that the real CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) in Australia for 2018, 2019 and 2020 are 15.49, 15.24 and 15.22, respectively.

AR(1) Model:

Coefficients

Standard Error

t Stat

P-value

Intercept

-0.739254405

1.058826038

-0.69818

0.49352

Yi-1

1.03633313

0.061498926

16.85124

0.00000

AR(2) Model:

Coefficients

Standard Error

t Stat

P-value

Intercept

-0.195598275

1.195728319

-0.16358

0.8719

Yi-1

1.254042159

0.230101005

5.449964

0.0000

Yi-2

-0.247748864

0.252306745

-0.98194

0.3391

AR(3) Model:

Coefficients

Standard Error

t Stat

P-value

Intercept

0.267661461

1.27502274

0.209927

0.83622

Yi-1

1.193189828

0.237113007

5.032157

0.000102

Yi-2

-0.006585142

0.343435519

-0.01917

0.984925

Yi-3

-0.206841239

0.200271827

-1.0328

0.316166

  1. Using a 5% level of significance, what is the appropriate autoregressive model (AR model) for the CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) in Australia? Explain your reasoning.
  2. If you decide to use the second-order autoregressive model (AR(2) Model), what will the predicted Australia's CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) be in 2020? Show your calculations.

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