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Record today's value for the Standard and Poor's 500 Index (^GSPC), Novartis, the giant Swiss pharmaceutical (NVS), and Johnson and Johnson (JNJ). Calculate the return.

Discuss your results. Did the stocks outperform the market, as the S&P?

What you have learned about finance and financial instrument valuation in general?

Standard and Poor's 500 Index (^GSPC):

Oct 4, 2021 = $4391.34

Oct 4, 2022 = $3776.86

Novartis, the giant Swiss pharmaceutical (NVS):

Oct 4, 2021 = $82.83

Oct 4, 2022 = $78.12

Johnson and Johnson (JNJ):

Oct 4, 2021 = $160.93

Oct 4, 2022 = $164.73