Group Statistics
	Country by region	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Q46a. Level of democracy: today	Southern Africa	3934	5.79	2.798	.045
North Africa	1321	4.93	3.084	.085

Independent Samples Test
	Levene's Test for Equality of Variances	t-test for Equality of Means
F	Sig.	t	df	Significance	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
One-Sided p	Two-Sided p	Lower	Upper
Q46a. Level of democracy: today	Equal variances assumed	29.838	<.001	9.439	5253	<.001	<.001	.862	.091	.683	1.041
Equal variances not assumed			8.994	2096.848	<.001	<.001	.862	.096	.674	1.050

Independent Samples Effect Sizes
	Standardizera	Point Estimate	95% Confidence Interval
Lower	Upper
Q46a. Level of democracy: today	Cohen's d	2.872	.300	.238	.363
Hedges' correction	2.873	.300	.238	.363
Glass's delta	3.084	.280	.216	.343
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes. Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation. Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor. Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control (i.e., the second) group.

As an international development researcher, you have already tested whether perceptions about the current levels of democracy differ from a value of 6. Given recent social change movements in North Africa, you now want to determine whether there is a statistical difference in these perceptions between North Africa and Southern Africa. The results of an independent T-test are given above.

a) Are the variances in the two groups equal? Why or why not?

b) Interpret the results of the T-test.

c) Comment on the effect sizes.

d) What is the social implication of these results?