Hello I need help with these questions.

1. A method for testing a claim or hypothesis about a parameter in a population, using data measured in a sample, is called

O level of significance

O random sampling

O guessing

O hypothesis testing

2. The conventional levels of significance of 5% and 1%

O provide maximum protection against Type ll errors.

O are more related to power and sample-size considerations than decision errors.

O provide maximum protection against Type I errors.

O are a compromise between the risks of making Type I and Type II errors.

3. (In hypothesis testing, a researcher's decision

• depends on the level of significance for a hypothesis test
• all answers are correct
• can be to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis
• is based on a probability

4.

If the value of the test statistic is in the rejection region, then

• the value of the test statistic is larger than the critical value
• all answers are correct
• the decision is to reject the null hypothesis

p < .05

Question 5

If a psychologist tests whether a new teaching method is more effective than the old one, the research hypothesis is that

• there is no difference in effectiveness of the old and new teaching methods.
• there is a difference in effectiveness between the two methods, but no prediction is made.
• the new teaching method is more effective than the old teaching method
• the old teaching method is more effective than the new teaching method.

Question 6

The statistical method currently used to combine the results of multiple studies is

• retrospective analysis.
• regression analysis.

meta-analysis.

power analysis.

Question 7

What are the two decisions that researchers can make in hypothesis testing?

retain or reject the null hypothesis

accept or reject the null hypothesis

Question 8

If a psychologist tests whether there is any difference between how fast people work in the morning versus how fast they work in the evening, the null hypothesis is that

• people who work at night work faster.
• there is a difference in worker speed, but no prediction is made. there is no difference in the speed at which people work.
• people who work in the morning work faster.

Question 9

By convention, we reject the null hypothesis if the probability (p-value) of our result given that the null was true is

either B or C

• greater than 95
• greater than .05
• less than .05

Question 10

In hypothesis testing, a researcher can never

• know the likelihood of obtaining a sample mean if the null hypothesis were true
• prove that his or her hypothesis is correct
• compute a test statistic before making a decision
• make decisions about the null hypothesis

Question 11

A psychologist who states the hypothesis that there will be no difference between a new approach to therapy and the standard approach is stating a

O null hypothesis.

comparison hypothesis.

O research hypothesis.

differential hypothesis.

Question 12

Effect size is one of the two major factors that contribute to power; the other factor is

the mean of the known population.

the sample size.

the sample's standard deviation.

the minimum meaningful difference.

Question 13

A measure of the size of an effect in a population is called

• power
• probability
• significance
• effect size

Question 14

The conventional levels of significance in hypothesis testing in psychology are

O .01 and .05

O .05, .25, and .95

O .10, .20, and .30

O .001 and .01

Question 15

Effect size is an important tool for making sense of research results because it

• indicates the size of the statistical effect.
• limits variance and therefore increases power.
• is always smaller than the variance.
• indicates the degree to which a result is statistically significant.

Question 16

When a result is not statistically significant, the correct decision is to

• fail to reject the null hypothesis.
• reject the research hypothesis.
• fail to reject the research hypothesis.
• reject the null hypothesis.

Question 17

If the null hypothesis is rejected, the researcher can conclude that the results

support the research hypothesis.

are inconclusive.

• support the null hypothesis.
• prove that the research hypothesis is true.

Question 18

A one-tailed test is associated with

O a nondirectional hypothesis.

the research hypothesis.

O a directional hypothesis.

the null hypothesis.

Question 19

A two-tailed test is associated with

• the research hypothesis.
• a directional hypothesis.
• a nondirectional hypothesis.
• the null hypothesis.

Question 20

A major misuse of significance tests is the tendency to

• decide that the null hypothesis is false when the results obtained are not significant.
• accept the research hypothesis when the results are not significant.
• decide that if a result is not significant, the null hypothesis is shown to be true.
• claim that a non-significant result is the same as an unimportant result.

Question 21

It is most appropriate to report effect size with a significant result. Why is it generally inappropriate to report effect size with insignificant results?

• Because insignificant results indicate that an effect size is also insignificant.
• Because the probability of the size of an effect varies depending on the significance of the result.
• Because it makes little sense to report the size of an effect that you just concluded doesn't exist.

Question 22

When psychologists report that their research results are "statistically significant," they mean that the results:

• have important implications for scientific theory.
• have been observed more than once.
• have practical applications.

are unlikely to have occurred by chance.