Hello,

Please support providing a solution for the below-mentioned question for understanding the concepts.

Q5. (a) In relation to communications networks, explain what is meant by "topology" and define the terms "degree" and "diameter". What is a "spanning tree"? 30% (b) A Glasgow-based Internet Service Provider (ISP), established in 2015, Broadband Access Network Technology Associates (BANTA) provides communications services to users throughout the UK using its network (BANTANet) comprising 10 gateway router's interconnected using bi-directional equi-loaded 16.384Mb/s links in a regular topology of degree 3. i) How many links are deployed in the network? ii) Draw an exemplar topology to represent the topology. 15% (c) What distinguishes uni-cast, multi-cast and broadcast routing schemes? Explain why, in networks such as BANTANet, broadcast routing schemes are required 20% (d) Explain, in the context of broadcast routing, the role played by a spanning tree. For BANTANet, write down the total number of packets sent when deploying a broadcast routing scheme based upon a spanning tree approach. Comment upon the practicality of the approach. 15% (e) Write down two other practical mechanisms that facilitate broadcast routing. Using BANTANet as the exemplar network write down the total number of packets deployed for each and comment upon the relative merits of each technique. 20%