Help help help $??????$ In the context of geotechnical engineering, which of the following statements best describes the phenomenon of soil liquefaction during an earthquake?

a$)$ Soil liquefaction occurs when soil particles lose their cohesion and behave like a liquid under the stress of an earthquake, leading to ground instability.

b$)$ Soil liquefaction refers to the process where groundwater seeps into the soil, saturating it and reducing its bearing capacity, often resulting in settlement of structures built on the affected soil.

c$)$ Soil liquefaction is a term used to describe the consolidation of soil layers due to excessive loading, causing a decrease in porosity and an increase in soil density.

d$)$ Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon observed in clayey soils, where the clay particles expand upon saturation, exerting pressure on surrounding structures and potentially causing damage.