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Exercise 1.3 on page 13 showed tensile strength data for two samples, one in which specimens were exposed to an aging process and one in which there was no aging of the specimens. (a) Calculate the sample variance as well as standard deviation in tensile strength for both samples. (b) Does there appear to be any evidence that aging affects the variability in tensile strength? (See also the plot for Exercise 1.3 on page 13.) Reference: Exercise 1.3: A certain polymer is used for evacuation systems for aircraft. It is important that the polymer be resistant to the aging process. Twenty specimens of the polymer were used in an experiment. Ten were assigned randomly to be exposed to an accelerated batch aging process that involved exposure to high temperatures for 10 days. Measurements of tensile strength of the specimens were made, and the following data were recorded on tensile strength in psi: No aging: 227 222 218 217 225 218 216 229 228 221 Aging: 219 214 215 211 209 218 203 204 201 205 (a) Do a dot plot of the data. (b) From your plot, does it appear as if the aging process has had an effect on the tensile strength of thispolymer? Explain. (c) Calculate the sample mean tensile strength of the two samples. (d) Calculate the median for both. Discuss the similarity or lack of similarity between the mean andmedian of each group.Determine the cost of equity capital to Hy-Lok USA if the company sells 500,000 shares of its preferred stock at a 5% discount from its price of $130. The stock carries a $10 per year dividend. The initial public offering price for the common stock of SW Refining is $23 per share, and it will pay a first-year dividend of $0.92 per share. If the appreciation rate in dividends is anticipated to be 3.2% per year, determine the cost of equity capital for the stock offering. The cost of debt capital is lower after taxes than before taxes. The cost of equity capital is more dif- ficult to estimate using the dividend method or the CAPM model, for example, yet the after-tax and before-tax cost of equity capital is the same. Why are the after-tax rates not the same for both types of financing?In multiple attribute analysis, if three different al- temnatives are to be evaluated on the basis of eight attributes that are considered of equal importance, what is the weight of each attribute? A consulting engineer asked a company manager to assign importance values (0 to 100) to five attri- butes that will be included in an alternative evalua tion process. Determine the weight of each attribute using the importance scores. Attribute Importance Score 1. Safety 60 2. Cost 40 3. Impact 80 4. Environmental 30 5. Acceptability 20 Ten attributes were rank-ordered in terms of in- creasing importance and were identified as A, B, C, . . ., and J. Determine the weight of (a) attri- bute C and (b) attribute J.The Parks and Recreation Department of Burkett County has estimated that the initial cost of a "bare-bones" permanent river park will be $2.3 million. Annual upkeep costs are estimated at $120,000. Benefits of $340,000 per year and dis- benefits of $40.000 per year have also been identi- fied. Using a discount rate of 6% per year, calcu- late (a) the conventional B/C ratio and (b) the modified B/C ratio. From the following data, calculate the (a) conven- tional and (b) modified benefit/cost ratios using an interest rate of 6% per year and an infinite project period. To the To the People Government Benefits: $300,000 now and Costs: $1.5 million now $100,000 per and $200,000 year thereafter three years from now Disbenefits: $40,000 per year Savings: $70,000 per yearIn comparing two alternatives by the B/C method, if the overall B/C ratio for both alternatives is cal- culated to be exactly 1.0, which alternative should you select? In comparing alternatives X and Y by the B/C method, if B/Cy = 1.6 and B/Cy = 1.8, what is known about the B/C ratio on the increment of in- vestment between X and Y? Logan Well Services Group is considering two sites for storage and recovery of reclaimed water. The mountain site (MS) will use injection wells that cost $4.2 million to develop and $280.000 per year for M&O costs. This site will be able to accommodate 150 million gallons per year. The valley site (VS) will involve recharge basins that cost $11 million to con- struct and $400,000 to operate and maintain. At this site, 890 million gallons can be injected each year. If the value of the injected water is $3.00 per 1000 gal- Ions, which alternative, if either, should be selected according to the B/C ratio method? Use an interest rate of 8% per year and a 20-year study period. The estimates shown are for a bridge under consid cration for a river crossing in Wheeling, West Virginia. Use the B/C ratio method at an interest rate of 6% per year to determine which bridge, if either, should be built. East Location West Location Initial cost, $ 11 x 10 27 x 10 Annual M&O, $/year 100,000 90,000 Benefits, $/year 990.000 2,400,000 Disbenefits, $/year 120,000 100,000 Life, years DO\f\f