HELP ME TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS DEARS

Question:

Through the initiation and elongation phases of translation, homologous G-protein GTPases IF2, EF-Tu and EF-G play a central role. A homology search shows that these three G-proteins are among the four closest homologs in T. thermophilus, along with elongation factor 4, an apparent EF-G mimic. These GTPases interact homologously with the ribosome, particularly with the GTPase-associated complex (GAC) and the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL) of the 50S subunit. An overlay of relevant structures shows the G-proteins and their homologous residues binding to the same site on the ribosome.

1.An mRNA bearing multiple ribosomes is known as__

2.What is the actual substrate for each round of amino acid addition?

3.Where does ribosome gets the energy for the formation of peptide bond?

4.Which antibiotic resistance is present in pBR322?

5.How many sets of antibiotic resistance does the plasmid Pbr322 carry?

6.What additional feature does Pgem3Z has which makes it a suitable vector for in vitro transcription of cloned genes?

7.There is a sequence region in M13 where the foreign DNA can be inserted. What is this sequence called?

8.Why is a helper phage needed when cloning experiments which a hybrid vector such as Pembl8 is done?

9.How can the recombinants of phagemid vector Pembl8 be identified?

10.What is the size of fragments that can be obtained by using a phagemid vector?

11.What is the size limit for in vitro packaging of an unmodified lambda vector?

12.Which non-essential region of the lambda phage can be deleted without impairing viability?