help with this section please!

27. Atoms or ions with 8 electrons on their outside (valance) energy level are said to have an octet (n s2 np6 where n is any number energy level). Atoms or ions with octets are found to be more stable than atoms or ions without 8 valence electrons. Are the Ca atom and the O atom stable compared to their ions? Why or why not? 28. The Ca atom and O atom take different paths to become ions, but they both do so to achieve the same goal. What is that goal and how exactly are the paths that the Ca atom and the O atom take to become ions different from each other? 29. One of your classmates is having trouble understanding ions. He explains the formation of a cation like this: "When you add an electron, you get a positive charge because adding is positive in math." Explain in a grammatically correct sentence why this student is incorrect. Highlight the words that complete the following sentences: 30. Atoms with 1,2 , and 3 valence electrons tend to form cations/anions and are usually metals/ nonmetals 31. Atoms with 5,6 , and 7 valence electrons tend to form cations/anions and are usually metals/ nonmetals 32. Metals tend to lose/gain valence electrons becoming a positiveegative charge becoming anion/cations