Hi there, I was confused about the difference between inference for a single proportion (one categorical variable), or (b) inference for a difference in proportions (two categorical variables)

here is an example could u explain it more specifically?

: For each situation, decide if it warrants (a) inference for a single proportion (one categorical variable), or (b) inference for a difference in proportions (two categorical variables).

1. Of all the penguins, compare the proportion who survived to the proportion who did not survive.
2. Compare the proportion of metal-tagged penguins who survived to the proportion of electronic-tagged penguins who survived.
3. Did a greater proportion of breeding seasons result in offspring or no offspring?
4. Did metal or electronic tagged penguins have a greater proportion of successful offspring?

(Hint:When thinking through each of these, remember to focus on the variables. Does the question involve one or two categorical variables?)