How can the principles of fluid dynamics be effectively applied in the design and analysis of complex hydraulic systems within civil engineering projects? Explore the intricate interplay between flow characteristics, pressure gradients, and material properties, highlighting the significance of concepts such as Bernoulli's principle, Reynolds number, and laminar versus turbulent flow. Investigate how these principles influence the behavior of fluids within various structures, including pipelines, dams, and irrigation networks, and analyze the implications for optimizing system performance and mitigating potential hazards. Consider the role of computational fluid dynamics $($CFD$)$ in simulating and predicting fluid behavior, addressing challenges such as boundary layer effects, fluid$-$structure interaction, and transient phenomena. Additionally, examine the integration of sustainability principles in hydraulic design, emphasizing strategies for minimizing energy consumption, maximizing resource efficiency, and enhancing resilience to climate change impacts.