How do blockchains use private and public$-$key cryptography?

Symmetric encryption allows a sender to transfer cryptocurrency to another user. The recipient can then access their funds when the sender grants access to their private key.

Asymmetric eneryption allows a sender to transfer cryptocurrency to a public key. The recipient can then access these funds with their private key and hold it in their wallet.

The algorithm in the blockchain encrypts and stores private and public keys to all user's wallets. Cryptocurrency then accesses their funds through their twenty$-$word passphrase key

In public$-$key cryptography, one key is used to encrypt and decrypt transaction. The sender uses this key to send cryptocurrency and the recipient's wallet holds it after decryption.