"How do changes in soil composition affect the stability and load$-$bearing capacity of foundations in civil engineering projects, and what strategies can be employed to mitigate these effects? Considering the principles of fluid mechanics, explain the factors influencing the design and efficiency of drainage systems in urban infrastructure projects. In structural engineering, discuss the fundamental principles underlying the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures, highlighting the role of material properties, structural configurations, and safety considerations. Analyze the environmental impact of construction materials and techniques in civil engineering, examining sustainable alternatives and their feasibility in contemporary construction practices."