How do differential settlements affect the performance and stability of civil engineering structures? Consider various scenarios where a building or infrastructure is subjected to non$-$uniform settlements due to variations in soil properties or loading conditions. Discuss the mechanisms through which such settlements occur, including soil consolidation, differential loading, and groundwater effects. Analyze the potential consequences of these settlements on the structural integrity, functionality, and safety of the affected structures, taking into account factors such as uneven settlement$-$induced stresses, differential movements, and the development of structural cracks or deformations. Explore the methods and techniques employed in civil engineering practice to mitigate the effects of such settlements, including foundation design strategies, ground improvement techniques, and monitoring systems. Additionally, evaluate the challenges and limitations associated with these mitigation measures, considering factors such as cost$-$effectiveness, long$-$term performance, and environmental impact.