How do seismic waves affect the stability of civil engineering structures? What strategies can civil engineers employ to mitigate the impact of earthquakes on buildings and infrastructure? Discuss the role of geotechnical investigations in determining the suitability of sites for construction projects. How does soil composition influence the design and construction of foundations? Explain the principles behind the design of suspension bridges and their advantages over other bridge types. What factors contribute to the deterioration of concrete structures over time, and how can engineers prolong their lifespan?