"How do soil properties influence foundation design and construction? Discuss the significance of factors such as grain size distribution, density, and shear strength in determining suitable foundation types. Explore the role of soil testing methods like Standard Penetration Test $($SPT$)$ and Cone Penetration Test $($CPT$)$ in assessing soil characteristics. Investigate various foundation types such as shallow foundations, deep foundations, and pile foundations, and analyze their selection criteria based on soil conditions, structural requirements, and environmental factors. Additionally, examine the interdisciplinary connections between soil mechanics and other engineering disciplines for comprehensive infrastructure design."