How do some film editors work during and before, and not just after, the shooting of movies?

a$)$ By conferring with the producers about a movie's casting.

b$)$ By putting together all the elements completed in the course of shooting.

c$)$ By refusing to work on any film material until the director has a clear plan for what he or she is doing.

$$ d$)$ By making suggestions to the director and cinematographer concerning composition, lighting, and so on$.$