Question: How does fluid mechanics theory inform the design and analysis of hydraulic structures in civil engineering? Discuss the theoretical principles governing fluid flow, including continuity,

How does fluid mechanics theory inform the design and analysis of hydraulic structures in civil engineering? Discuss the theoretical principles governing fluid flow, including continuity, momentum, and energy equations, and their application in modeling various hydraulic phenomena such as flow through pipes, open channel flow, and hydraulic jump. Additionally, explore the theoretical basis for designing hydraulic structures like dams, spillways, and channels to efficiently control and manage water resources, considering factors such as flow regime, sediment transport, and hydraulic efficiency.

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