How does innovation occur?

a$)$ Serendipity and random chance.

b$)$ After R&D$,$ businesses release new innovations into the marketplace, hoping they catch on$.$

c$)$ Consumers demand new features, which gets attention from businesses who develop products in response to this demand.

d$)$ There is an endless cycle of feedback between advances in technology, science, etc. and the needs of society that creates push and pull factors between consumers and businesses.

e$)$ All the above are true.