How does the adoption of Lean principles impact operational efficiency and overall performance in manufacturing industries? Discuss how the implementation of Lean methodologies, such as Just$-$In$-$Time $($JIT$)$ production, Total Quality Management $($TQM$),$ and Continuous Improvement $($Kaizen$),$ affects various aspects of operations management. Explore the potential challenges and benefits of integrating Lean practices into manufacturing processes, considering factors like inventory management, waste reduction, lead time reduction, and employee involvement. Additionally, analyze the role of technology and automation in facilitating Lean operations, and how it influences decision$-$making and resource allocation. Finally, assess the applicability of Lean principles beyond manufacturing, in service$-$oriented industries, and discuss potential adaptations or limitations in implementing Lean in non$-$traditional operational contexts."