How does the application of Lean principles contribute to efficiency and effectiveness in operations management? Explore how the integration of just$-$in$-$time inventory, continuous improvement, and waste reduction practices optimizes processes. Consider the impact of quality management techniques like Six Sigma on enhancing product or service quality. Additionally, analyze the role of forecasting methods and capacity planning in aligning production with demand. Evaluate the significance of supply chain management in ensuring seamless operations across interconnected networks. Finally, discuss how modern technology, such as automation and data analytics, revolutionizes operations management, driving innovation and competitiveness in today's dynamic business environment.