"How does the interaction between different soil types and foundation structures influence the stability and performance of civil engineering projects over time? Discuss the underlying principles of soil mechanics, including soil composition, consolidation, and shear strength, and how these factors contribute to the design and construction of foundations in various geological contexts. Consider the implications for infrastructure projects such as buildings, bridges, and dams, and explore the challenges and strategies involved in mitigating potential risks associated with soil$-$structure interaction."