How does the principle of soil$-$structure interaction affect the design and performance of civil engineering structures, such as buildings, bridges, and retaining walls? Discuss the theoretical aspects of soil mechanics that are crucial for understanding this interaction, including concepts like stress$-$strain behavior, consolidation, and shear strength of soils. Explain how different types of soil $($e$.$g$.,$ clay, sand, silt$)$ and their properties influence the structural response and stability.