1. How does the transport layer allow two entities to communicate reliably over a medium that may lose and corrupt data? Using a chart, describe a scenario of unreliability in the physical layer, then describe how the transport layer can work around these problems to achieve a solution to connectivity.
2. How does the transport layer detect congestion on the path? How does the transport layer control, avoid, or recover from congestion in a network? How does the transport layer know about and recover from lost packets? How does TCP determine the rate at which it should send?
3. What transport layer protocol is used with SMTP? HTTP? FTP? SNMP? Why?
4. What are the causes and results of congestion in networks? How does the transport layer achieve congestion control?