How is an opportunity created to commit appraisal fraud? Does the appraiser act alone, or is collusion routinely involved? How is appraisal fraud detected? Is intent to deceive easy to prove in appraisal fraud? What pressures or perceived pressures can motivate appraisers to make faulty valuations? How do appraisers rationalize their fraudulent behavior? Why would a county perceive pressure to fraudulently inflate property values? What controls would help to prevent appraisal fraud? What natural controls exist to prevent homeowners from the desire to "massage the value" of their homes?