I$\text{'}$m trying to publish DHT$11$ sensor data to test. mosquitto.org. However, when I choose option $1,$ I keep getting failed to read sensor$.$ The sensor is functioning and it is wired correctly to pin $17$ for power and pin $18$ for data on my raspberry pi$.$ What am I doing wrong? I can not use Adafruit library or functionality. import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

import time

import datetime

import random

import paho.mqtt$.$client as mqtt

import dht$11$

import threading

# GPIO pin configuration

POWER$\_$PIN $=17$

DATA$\_$PIN $=18$

# MQTT broker configuration

brokerAddress $=$ "test.mosquitto.org"

topic $="$DHT$11/$test$"$

sensorID $="$DHT$11"$

sensorLocation $=$ "Batcave"

# Global flags

publish$\_$flag $=$ False

dice$\_$roll$\_$flag $=$ False

def connect$\_$to$\_$broker$()$:

$$ client $=$ mqtt$.$Client$()$

$$ client.connect$($brokerAddress$,1883,60)$

$$ return client

def read$\_$dht$11\_$data$()$:

$$ instance $=$ dht$11.$DHT$11($pin$=$DATA$\_$PIN$)$

$$ time.sleep$(1)$# Wait for sensor to stabilize

$$ result $=$ instance.read$()$

$$ if result.is$\_$valid$()$:

$$ return result.temperature, result.humidity

$$ pritn$($result$.$temperature, result.humidity$)$

$$ else:

$$ print$("$Failed to read sensor data"$)$

$$ return None, None

def publish$\_$data$()$:

$$ global publish$\_$flag

$$ client $=$ connect$\_$to$\_$broker$()$

$$ client.loop$\_$start$()$

$$ while publish$\_$flag:

$$ temperature, humidity $=$ read$\_$dht$11\_$data$()$

$$ if temperature is not None and humidity is not None:

$$ current$\_$time $=$ datetime.datetime.now$().$strftime$(\text{'}\%$Y$-\%$m$-\%$d $\%$H:$\%$M:$\%$S$\text{'})$

$$ message $=$ f$"\{$sensorID$\},\{$sensorLocation$\},\{$current$\_$time$\},\{$temperature:$\mathrm{.}1$f$\},\{$humidity:$\mathrm{.}1$f$\}"$

$$ client.publish$($topic$,$ message$)$

$$ print$("$Published sensor data:", message$)$

$$ print$("$Sensor is connected and publishing data."$)$

$$ time.sleep$(5)$

$$ client.disconnect$()$

def roll$\_$dice$()$:

$$ return random.randint$(1,20)$

def main$()$:

$$ global publish$\_$flag

$$ global dice$\_$roll$\_$flag

$$ GPIO.setmode$($GPIO$.$BCM$)$

$$ try:

$$ while True:

$$ print$("$Menu:$")$

$$ print$("1.$ Begin temperature $/$ humidity monitoring"$)$

$$ print$("2.$ End temperature $/$ humidity monitoring"$)$

$$ print$("3.$ Test $($Post a random dice roll$)")$

$$ print$("4.$ Quit"$)$

$$ choice $=$ input$("$Enter your choice: $")$

$$ if choice $==\text{'}1\text{'}$:

$$ if not publish$\_$flag:

$$ publish$\_$flag $=$ True

$$ # Start publishing data in a separate thread

$$ threading.Thread$($target$=$publish$\_$data, daemon$=$True$).$start$()$

$$ else:

$$ print$("$Monitoring is already running."$)$

$$ elif choice $==\text{'}2\text{'}$:

$$ publish$\_$flag $=$ False

$$ elif choice $==\text{'}3\text{'}$:

$$ dice$\_$roll $=$ roll$\_$dice$()$

$$ client $=$ connect$\_$to$\_$broker$()$

$$ client.publish$($topic$,$ str$($dice$\_$roll$))$

$$ client.disconnect$()$

$$ print$("$Published random dice roll:", dice$\_$roll$)$

$$ elif choice $==\text{'}4\text{'}$:

$$ print$("$Exiting$...$ Thank you!"$)$

$$ publish$\_$flag $=$ False

$$ break

$$ else:

$$ print$("$Invalid choice. Please try again."$)$

$$ finally:

$$ GPIO.cleanup$()$

if $\_\_$name$\_\_=="\_\_$main$\_\_"$:

$$ main$()$