I need help to revised this paper.

Based on this advice from my professor: Every single piece of information and reasoning in the Report must support the thesis sentence. The Discussion section needs to include specific points that help support your thesis. Again, remember your focus and your audience. This information needs to be re-framed around demonstrating the benefits of your recommendation to the organization and/or how it will solve specific problems.

At times you stray from this and discuss information that wouldn't necessarily help convince your target audience. Make sure to present the benefits to appeal to your target audience as well.

Some of your paragraphs begin with an incomplete sentence and some have no topic sentence at all. I think this is because some should be merged (for example, the first two paragraphs in your discussion expand on one main idea).

Thesis Statement: Since the current composting system difficult to access in Boston. The City of Boston should implement to improve composting system, make it accessible for everyone by adding composting trash cans and create awareness campaign to widespread more participate.

Discussion:

Implement Composting System

Drawing upon insights from a framework developed to improve waste management (WM) practices, several key recommendations can inform the discussion regarding the proposed solutions. The framework synthesized actions from various organizations, governments, and academia, as well as identified opportunities and challenges in the literature, to provide empirical elements for improving waste management. This empirical grounding contributes to forming a new block of knowledge with practical applicability, reflecting the reality of waste management practices. By incorporating insights from public and private institutions, the framework bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical implementation, enabling the development of solutions and technologies for improving waste management.

The framework's recommendations offer actionable steps for sectors within the Triple Helixgovernment, industry, and academiato collaborate on addressing waste management challenges. According to Anuardo et al. (2022) " The cluster "Development of tools, systems, and methods for WM" includes opportunities to improve the collection, sorting, and infrastructure for diverse types of waste that are adapted to the realities of different countries and companies". This collaborative approach fosters innovation and facilitates the development of sustainable solutions that align with the needs of diverse stakeholders. By leveraging the expertise and resources of each sector, Boston can implement comprehensive strategies to enhance its composting system and promote more sustainable waste management practices.

However, the study acknowledges certain limitations, particularly related to the search criteria and databases used. Modifying these parameters and exploring additional databases could yield different perspectives and insights, enriching the framework with new propositions and actions. Additionally, future studies are encouraged to delve deeper into specific waste management segments, such as municipal, food, and hospital waste, as well as rural waste management infrastructure, which require more in-depth analysis. The insights from the framework offer valuable guidance for improving Boston's composting system and waste management practices. By adopting a collaborative approach and incorporating empirical evidence from various sectors, Boston can implement effective strategies to enhance composting accessibility. Through ongoing research and refinement of waste management strategies, Boston can create a more sustainable and environmentally responsible waste management system that benefits both current and future generations.

Accessible Composting Trash Can

The recommendation to improve the composting system in Boston by implementing composting trash cans. According to the official Seattle government website, where a similar composting trash can system was implemented in 2015, we can glean insights into the effectiveness of such an approach. Seattle's implementation of composting trash cans resulted in a notable increase in composting participation rates. By providing residents with composting bins that were emptied weekly by municipal waste management teams, the city significantly enhanced the convenience and accessibility of composting. This approach not only made composting more convenient for residents but also contributed to a reduction in organic waste sent to landfills.

The success of Seattle's composting trash can system serves as a compelling example for Boston to follow suit. By emulating this approach, Boston can address the accessibility challenges currently plaguing its composting system. Introducing composting trash cans in public areas across the city would make composting more accessible to residents, particularly those without access to private composting facilities. Furthermore, the provision of regular waste collection services for compostable materials would streamline the composting process, further incentivizing participation.

Moreover, the evidence from Seattle highlights the importance of complementing infrastructure improvements with robust awareness campaigns. By educating residents about the benefits of composting and how to effectively participate in the program, Boston can foster a culture of environmental stewardship and encourage greater engagement with composting initiatives. Through targeted outreach efforts, the city can reach a broader audience and inspire more individuals to embrace composting as a sustainable waste management practice.

Addressing the challenges associated with Boston's current inaccessible composting system and proposes solutions to improve accessibility and participation. According to Kalra wrote journal article that investigates the role of community engagement in sustainable waste management practices, several key findings can inform the discussion regarding the proposed solutions. Firstly, the article highlights the importance of community involvement in driving successful waste management initiatives. Through a series of case studies, the authors demonstrate how active participation from residents, businesses, and community organizations can significantly contribute to the effectiveness of waste reduction and recycling programs. By engaging stakeholders at the grassroots level, cities like Boston can harness local expertise, resources, and enthusiasm to enhance composting accessibility and participation.

Secondly, the article underscores the impact of community engagement on public awareness and behavior change. According to Kalra (2020) found the following:

Singapore and Japan have one of the most efficient systems for waste management. In Singapore, emphasis is laid on long-term partnership between public and private sectors to handle waste. Japan learned the significance of community and government participation in waste management when it faced serious conflicts over location of waste management facilities.

By involving residents in waste management decision-making processes and providing opportunities for education and outreach, cities can empower individuals to adopt more sustainable practices, such as composting. Through targeted awareness campaigns and community events, Boston can raise awareness about the benefits of composting and provide practical guidance on how to participate effectively.

Additionally, the article emphasizes the importance of tailoring waste management strategies to suit the needs and preferences of local communities. By examining successful initiatives from various regions, the authors identify key factors contributing to their effectiveness, such as flexible program designs, cultural sensitivity, and strong community leadership. Boston can leverage these insights to design composting programs that are accessible, inclusive, and responsive to the diverse needs of its residents.

The accessibility challenges that Boston is facing with the current composting system and advocates for implementing measures to enhance accessibility. In India, Daily Dump company, a pioneering startup in urban waste management, provides valuable perspectives and strategies for achieving this objective. Daily Dump's approach to making composting a part of everyday behavior aligns closely with the proposed solutions for Boston. By designing products and services that facilitate decentralized waste management in various settings, including homes, communities, offices, and public spaces, Daily Dump promotes behavioral change and raises awareness about environmental harm. According to ASCI Journal of Management (2020) " Today, Daily Dump's products have been accepted by citizens, governments, organizations etc and there are different sizes and types of products available for all kinds of customers". This emphasis on accessibility and ease of use resonates with the recommendation to implement composting trash cans throughout Boston, making composting a convenient and practical option for everyone.

Daily Dump's emphasis on changing perceptions and fostering a sense of pride in composting resonates with the importance of promote a way to compost at home and benefit in Boston. By dispelling myths and fears surrounding composting and highlighting its benefits, such as nutrient-rich soil production and reduced landfill waste, Boston can encourage more residents to participate in composting initiatives. Daily Dump's success in mainstreaming composting at home demonstrates the potential for widespread adoption and acceptance of sustainable waste management practices. Additionally, the positive impact of Daily Dump's work on the livelihoods of traditional potters highlights the potential socio-economic benefits of implementing composting initiatives in Boston. By supporting local artisans and enhancing the value of their craft, Boston can create additional incentives for community engagement and participation in composting efforts. This aligns with the recommendation to foster stakeholder engagement and promote a sense of ownership and pride in waste management practices.

Awareness and Campaign

The report emphasizes the pressing need to address the challenges associated with Boston's current inaccessible composting system which decrease awareness for people to compost. Drawing upon evidence from a study on food loss management practices in China, several key insights can inform the discussion regarding the proposed solutions. The article underscores the necessity of comprehensive regulation systems to ensure the effective functioning of waste management initiatives. By clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, Boston can establish a cohesive framework that benefits all parties involved. Clear regulations, as demonstrated in China, can provide guidance and accountability, thereby facilitating the smooth operation of composting programs.

Additionally, the study highlights the importance of public awareness campaigns in promoting behavior change and increasing participation in waste management practices. According to Sun W et al. (2021) " Knickmeyer (2020) concluded that understanding social factors influencing household behavior is utmost importance; public education and specific communication highly contribute to improve recycling ". By launching targeted awareness campaigns, Boston can educate residents about the benefits of composting and provide guidance on proper waste sorting and disposal. Public education and communication efforts, as observed in China, can significantly enhance recycling and composting rates by addressing social factors influencing household behavior.

Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of incorporating various waste management strategies, such as composting, anaerobic digestion, and animal feed recycling, into the overall waste management framework. By adopting a multifaceted approach to waste management, Boston can maximize resource recovery and minimize environmental impact. This comprehensive approach, combined with effective regulation and stakeholder engagement, can significantly improve the city's composting system and contribute to its overall sustainability goals.

Drawing upon insights from the paper on community composting in the New York City Compost Project (NYCCP), several key findings can inform the discussion regarding the proposed solutions. The paper illustrates how community composting fosters connections through diverse economic practices and socio-material interactions involving organic food waste. According to Morrow et al. (2022) " One of the critical roles of community composting, especially in the eyes of the city, is community education and engagement". This underscores the importance of implementing measures to improve Boston's composting system, as it not only addresses waste management but also cultivates an ethics of care toward organic waste and promotes more sustainable waste practices.

Moreover, the paper introduces the concept of careful circularity, which emphasizes the importance of multispecies care and affective relations in circular economy projects. By adopting a care ethics approach, Boston can prioritize the well-being of both human and more-than-human entities involved in composting initiatives, fostering a deeper sense of responsibility and connection to the environment. However, the transformations facilitated by community composting currently face challenges within existing governance regimes focused on economic growth and efficiency. To fully realize the benefits of community composting, it is essential to develop governance systems that incorporate these benefits into policy evaluations and practices. This requires explicit examination of power dynamics, politics, and values shaping food waste governance, as well as wider consideration of ethical frameworks and value judgments.

Supporting transitions toward more careful circularities entails grappling with messy and complex criteria that may not be easily captured by existing rationalities and technologies of waste governance. Community composting, as demonstrated in the NYCCP, showcases the positive effects and affects that can be generated but underscores the need for changes in wider systems of food and waste governance to fully recognize and amplify these impacts. Community composting is the potential for Boston to enhance its composting system by adopting a care ethics approach and prioritizing multispecies care and attentiveness. By embracing these principles and fostering a more inclusive and environmentally just approach to sustainability, Boston can create pathways for more joyful and responsive waste management practices.

REFERENCES

Anuardo, R. G., Espuny, M., Costa, A. C. F., & Oliveira, O. J. (2022). Toward a cleaner and more sustainable world: A framework to develop and improve waste management through organizations, governments and academia. Heliyon, 8(4), e09225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09225

Kalra, N. (2020). Community Participation and Waste Management. In: Ghosh, S. (eds) Sustainable Waste Management: Policies and Case Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7071-7_10

Morrow, O., & Davies, A. (2022). Creating careful circularities: Community composting in New York City. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 47(2), 529-546. https://doi-org.ezproxy.neu.edu/10.1111/tran.12523

Official government website. (n.d). Food waste requirements. Food Waste Requirements Utilities. https://www.seattle.gov/utilities/your-services/collection-and-disposal/food-and- yard/food-waste-requirements

Solutions for Decentralized Waste Management Systems. (2020). ASCI Journal of Management, 49(1), 89-93.

Wenli SUN, Shahrajabian, M. H., & Qi CHENG. (2021). Organic waste utilization and urba food waste composting strategies in China - A review. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 13(2), 1-16.https://doi-org.ezproxy.neu.edu/10.15835/nsb13210881