I need help with finding out the profitability ratios I have included both the balance sheet and income stament (I'm confused on where to start) Please showcase calculations Thank you Profitability Ratios 2020 2019 2018 Net Profit Margin Ratio Total Asset Turnover Return on Assets Operating Income Margin Sales to Fixed Assets ROE Return on Common Equity Gross Profit Margin Balance Sheet Horizontal Analysis Comments Balance Sheet Vertical Analysis All numbers in thousands All numbers in thousands Period Ending 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Period Ending 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Current Assets Current Assets Cash And Cash Equivalents 38,016 48,844 25,913 22 17 88 49 27 72 Cash And Cash Equivalents 38,016 48,844 25,913 11 74 14 43 7 09 Short Term Investments 52,927 51,713 40,388 2 35 28 04 25 06 Short Term Investments 52,927 51,713 40,388 16 34 15 28 11 04 Net Receivables 16,120 22,926 23,186 29 69 1 12 29 72 Net Receivables 16,120 22,926 23,186 4 98 6 77 6 34 Inventory 4,061 4,106 3,956 1 10 3 79 18 52 Inventory 4,061 4,106 3,956 1 25 1 21 1 08 Other Current Assets 11,264 12,352 12,087 8 81 2 19 13 27 Other Current Assets 11,264 12,352 12,087 3 48 3 65 3 30 Total Current Assets 143,713 162,819 131,339 11 73 23 97 2 09 Total Current Assets 143,713 162,819 131,339 44 37 48 10 35 91 Long Term Investments 100,887 105,341 170,799 4 23 38 32 12 28 Long Term Investments 100,887 105,341 170,799 31 15 31 12 46 70 Property Plant and Equipment 36,766 37,378 41,304 1 64 9 51 22 26 Property Plant and Equipment 36,766 37,378 41,304 11 35 11 04 11 29 Goodwill Goodwill Intangible Assets Intangible Assets Accumulated Amortization Accumulated Amortization Other Assets 42,522 32,978 22,283 28 94 48 00 22 59 Other Assets 42,522 32,978 22,283 13 13 9 74 6 09 Deferred Long Term Asset Charges Deferred Long Term Asset Charges Total Assets 323,888 338,516 365,725 4 32 7 44 2 56 Total Assets 323,888 338,516 365,725 100 100 100 Current Liabilities Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 42,296 46,236 55,888 8 52 17 27 26 32 Accounts Payable 42,296 46,236 55,888 13 06 13 66 15 28 Short Current Long Term Debt 8,773 10,260 8,784 14 49 16 80 35 22 Short Current Long Term Debt 8,773 10,260 8,784 2 71 3 03 2 40 Other Current Liabilities 54,323 49,222 32,687 10 36 50 59 6 99 Other Current Liabilities 54,323 49,222 32,687 16 77 14 54 8 94 Total Current Liabilities 105,392 105,718 116,866 0 31 9 54 15 92 Total Current Liabilities 105,392 105,718 116,866 32 54 31 23 31 95 Long Term Debt 98,667 91,807 93,735 7 47 2 06 3 57 Long Term Debt 98,667 91,807 93,735 30 46 27 12 25 63 Other Liabilities 54,490 50,503 45,180 7 89 11 78 11 79 Other Liabilities 54,490 50,503 45,180 16 82 14 92 12 35 Deferred Long Term Liability Charges Deferred Long Term Liability Charges Minority Interest Minority Interest Negative Goodwill Negative Goodwill Total Liabilities 258,549 248,028 258,578 4 24 4 08 7 17 Total Liabilities 258,549 248,028 258,578 79 83 73 27 70 70 Stockholders' Equity Stockholders' Equity Misc Stocks Options Warrants Misc Stocks Options Warrants Redeemable Preferred Stock Redeemable Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Preferred Stock Common Stock 50,779 45,174 40,201 12 41 12 37 12 08 Common Stock 50,779 45,174 40,201 15 68 13 34 10 99 Retained Earnings 14,966 45,898 70,400 67 39 34 80 28 40 Retained Earnings 14,966 45,898 70,400 4 62 13 56 19 25 Treasury Stock Treasury Stock Capital Surplus Capital Surplus Other Stockholder Equity 406 584 3,454 30 48 83 09 2202 67 Other Stockholder Equity 406 584 3,454 0 13 0 17 0 94 Total Stockholder Equity 65,339 90,488 107,147 27 79 15 55 20 07 Total Stockholder Equity 65,339 90,488 107,147 20 17 26 73 29 30 Total Liabilities Stockholder's Equity 323,888 338,516 365,725 4 32 7 44 2 56 Total Liabilities Stockholder's Equity 323,888 338,516 365,725 100 100 100 Income Statement Apple Inc Horizontal Analysis Comments Income Statement Company Vertical Analysis All numbers in thousands All numbers in thousands Revenue 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Revenue 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 2018 Total Revenue $220,747 00 $213,883 00 $225,847 00 3 21 5 30 1 48 Total Revenue $ 220,747 00 $ 213,883 00 $ 225,847 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Cost of Revenue 53,768 46,291 39,748 16 15 16 46 71 82 Cost of Revenue 53,768 46,291 39,748 24 36 562 04 17 60 Gross Profit 274,515 260,174 265,595 5 51 2 04 201 18 Gross Profit 274,515 260,174 265,595 124 36 121 64 117 60 Operating Expenses Operating Expenses Research Development 18,752 16,217 14,238 15 63 13 90 22 94 Research Development 18,752 16,217 14,236 8 49 7 58 6 30 Selling General and Administrative 19,916 18,245 16,705 9 16 9 22 9 46 Selling General and Administrative 19,916 18,245 16,705 9 02 8 53 7 40 Non Recurring Nonrecurring Others Others Total Operating Expenses 38,668 34,462 30,943 12 20 11 37 15 28 Total Operating Expenses 38,668 34,462 30,941 17 52 16 11 13 70 Operating Income or Loss 235,847 225,712 234,652 4 49 3 81 282 52 Operating Income or Loss 235,847 260,174 234,654 106 84 121 64 103 90 Income from Continuing Operations 66,288 63,930 70,898 3 69 9 83 46 63 Income From Continuing Operations 66,288 63,930 70,898 30 03 29 89 31 39 Total Other Income Expenses Net 803 1,807 2,005 55 56 9 88 26 96 Total Other Income Expenses Net 803 1,807 2,005 0 36 0 84 0 89 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes 67,091 65,737 72,903 2 06 9 83 13 75 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes 67,091 65,737 72,903 30 39 30 74 32 28 Interest Expense Income Before Tax Income Before Tax Income Tax Expense 9,680 10,481 13,372 7 64 21 62 15 03 Income Tax Expense 9,680 10,481 13,372 4 39 4 90 5 92 Minority Interest Minority Interest Net Income From Continuing Ops $57,411 00 $ 55,256 00 $ 59,531 00 Net Income From Continuing Ops $ 57,411 00 $ 55,256 00 $ 59,531 00 26 01 25 83 26 36 Nonrecurring Events Nonrecurring Events Discontinued Operations 1202 3802 3407 68 39 211 59 330 67 Discontinued Operations 1202 3802 3407 0 54 1 78 1 51 Extraordinary Items 63 25 1 352 00 2400 00 98 44 Extraordinary Items 63 25 1 0 03 0 01 0 00 Effect of Accounting Changes 1139 3827 3406 113800 00 212 36 535 55 Effect of Accounting Changes 1139 3827 3406 0 52 1 79 1 51 Other Items 42 2781 3026 98 49 8 10 485 97 Other Items 42 2781 3026 0 02 1 30 1 34 Net Income Net Income Net Income 57,453 58,037 56,505 1 01 1 65 18 79 Net Income 57,453 58,037 56,505 26 03 27 13 25 02 Preferred Stock and Other Adjustments Preferred Stock and Other Adjustments Net Income Applicable to Common Shares Net Income Applicable to Common Shares 0 0 0

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Question: I need help with finding out the profitability ratios. I have included both the balance sheet and income stament (I'm confused on where to start)

I need help with finding out the profitability ratios. I have included both the balance sheet and income stament (I'm confused on where to start) . Please showcase calculations. Thank you

Profitability Ratios	2020	2019	2018
Net Profit Margin Ratio
Total Asset Turnover
Return on Assets
Operating Income Margin
Sales to Fixed Assets
ROE
Return on Common Equity
Gross Profit Margin

Balance Sheet				Horizontal Analysis	Comments	Balance Sheet			Vertical Analysis
All numbers in thousands							All numbers in thousands
Period Ending	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018	Period Ending	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Current Assets							Current Assets
Cash And Cash Equivalents	38,016	48,844	25,913	-22.17%	88.49%	27.72%	Cash And Cash Equivalents	38,016	48,844	25,913	11.74%	14.43%	7.09%
Short-Term Investments	52,927	51,713	40,388	2.35%	28.04%	-25.06%	Short-Term Investments	52,927	51,713	40,388	16.34%	15.28%	11.04%
Net Receivables	16,120	22,926	23,186	-29.69%	-1.12%	29.72%	Net Receivables	16,120	22,926	23,186	4.98%	6.77%	6.34%
Inventory	4,061	4,106	3,956	-1.10%	3.79%	-18.52%	Inventory	4,061	4,106	3,956	1.25%	1.21%	1.08%
Other Current Assets	11,264	12,352	12,087	-8.81%	2.19%	-13.27%	Other Current Assets	11,264	12,352	12,087	3.48%	3.65%	3.30%
Total Current Assets	143,713	162,819	131,339	-11.73%	23.97%	2.09%	Total Current Assets	143,713	162,819	131,339	44.37%	48.10%	35.91%
Long-Term Investments	100,887	105,341	170,799	-4.23%	-38.32%	-12.28%	Long-Term Investments	100,887	105,341	170,799	31.15%	31.12%	46.70%
Property Plant and Equipment	36,766	37,378	41,304	-1.64%	-9.51%	22.26%	Property Plant and Equipment	36,766	37,378	41,304	11.35%	11.04%	11.29%
Goodwill							Goodwill
Intangible Assets							Intangible Assets
Accumulated Amortization							Accumulated Amortization
Other Assets	42,522	32,978	22,283	28.94%	48.00%	22.59%	Other Assets	42,522	32,978	22,283	13.13%	9.74%	6.09%
Deferred Long-Term Asset Charges							Deferred Long-Term Asset Charges
Total Assets	323,888	338,516	365,725	-4.32%	-7.44%	-2.56%	Total Assets	323,888	338,516	365,725	100%	100%	100%
Current Liabilities							Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable	42,296	46,236	55,888	-8.52%	-17.27%	26.32%	Accounts Payable	42,296	46,236	55,888	13.06%	13.66%	15.28%
Short-/Current Long-Term Debt	8,773	10,260	8,784	-14.49%	16.80%	35.22%	Short-/Current Long-Term Debt	8,773	10,260	8,784	2.71%	3.03%	2.40%
Other Current Liabilities	54,323	49,222	32,687	10.36%	50.59%	6.99%	Other Current Liabilities	54,323	49,222	32,687	16.77%	14.54%	8.94%
Total Current Liabilities	105,392	105,718	116,866	-0.31%	-9.54%	15.92%	Total Current Liabilities	105,392	105,718	116,866	32.54%	31.23%	31.95%
Long-Term Debt	98,667	91,807	93,735	7.47%	-2.06%	-3.57%	Long-Term Debt	98,667	91,807	93,735	30.46%	27.12%	25.63%
Other Liabilities	54,490	50,503	45,180	7.89%	11.78%	11.79%	Other Liabilities	54,490	50,503	45,180	16.82%	14.92%	12.35%
Deferred Long-Term Liability Charges							Deferred Long-Term Liability Charges
Minority Interest							Minority Interest
Negative Goodwill							Negative Goodwill
Total Liabilities	258,549	248,028	258,578	4.24%	-4.08%	7.17%	Total Liabilities	258,549	248,028	258,578	79.83%	73.27%	70.70%
Stockholders' Equity							Stockholders' Equity
Misc. Stocks Options Warrants							Misc. Stocks Options Warrants
Redeemable Preferred Stock							Redeemable Preferred Stock
Preferred Stock							Preferred Stock
Common Stock	50,779	45,174	40,201	12.41%	12.37%	12.08%	Common Stock	50,779	45,174	40,201	15.68%	13.34%	10.99%
Retained Earnings	14,966	45,898	70,400	-67.39%	-34.80%	-28.40%	Retained Earnings	14,966	45,898	70,400	4.62%	13.56%	19.25%
Treasury Stock							Treasury Stock
Capital Surplus							Capital Surplus
Other Stockholder Equity	-406	-584	-3,454	-30.48%	-83.09%	2202.67%	Other Stockholder Equity	-406	-584	-3,454	-0.13%	-0.17%	-0.94%
Total Stockholder Equity	65,339	90,488	107,147	-27.79%	-15.55%	-20.07%	Total Stockholder Equity	65,339	90,488	107,147	20.17%	26.73%	29.30%
Total Liabilities & Stockholder's Equity	323,888	338,516	365,725	-4.32%	-7.44%	-2.56%	Total Liabilities & Stockholder's Equity	323,888	338,516	365,725	100%	100%	100%

Income Statement	Apple Inc.			Horizontal Analysis	Comments	Income Statement	Company			Vertical Analysis
All numbers in thousands								All numbers in thousands
Revenue	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018		Revenue	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Total Revenue	$220,747.00	$213,883.00	$225,847.00	3.21%	-5.30%	-1.48%		Total Revenue	$ 220,747.00	$ 213,883.00	$ 225,847.00	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Cost of Revenue	53,768	46,291	39,748	16.15%	16.46%	-71.82%		Cost of Revenue	53,768	46,291	39,748	24.36%	562.04%	17.60%
Gross Profit	274,515	260,174	265,595	5.51%	-2.04%	201.18%		Gross Profit	274,515	260,174	265,595	124.36%	121.64%	117.60%
Operating Expenses								Operating Expenses
Research Development	18,752	16,217	14,238	15.63%	13.90%	22.94%		Research Development	18,752	16,217	14,236	8.49%	7.58%	6.30%
Selling General and Administrative	19,916	18,245	16,705	9.16%	9.22%	9.46%		Selling General and Administrative	19,916	18,245	16,705	9.02%	8.53%	7.40%
Non Recurring								Nonrecurring
Others								Others
Total Operating Expenses	38,668	34,462	30,943	12.20%	11.37%	15.28%		Total Operating Expenses	38,668	34,462	30,941	17.52%	16.11%	13.70%
Operating Income or Loss	235,847	225,712	234,652	4.49%	-3.81%	282.52%		Operating Income or Loss	235,847	260,174	234,654	106.84%	121.64%	103.90%
Income from Continuing Operations	66,288	63,930	70,898	3.69%	-9.83%	46.63%		Income From Continuing Operations	66,288	63,930	70,898	30.03%	29.89%	31.39%
Total Other Income/Expenses Net	803	1,807	2,005	-55.56%	-9.88%	-26.96%		Total Other Income/Expenses Net	803	1,807	2,005	0.36%	0.84%	0.89%
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes	67,091	65,737	72,903	2.06%	-9.83%	13.75%		Earnings Before Interest and Taxes	67,091	65,737	72,903	30.39%	30.74%	32.28%
Interest Expense
Income Before Tax								Income Before Tax
Income Tax Expense	9,680	10,481	13,372	-7.64%	-21.62%	-15.03%		Income Tax Expense	9,680	10,481	13,372	4.39%	4.90%	5.92%
Minority Interest								Minority Interest
Net Income From Continuing Ops	$57,411.00	$ 55,256.00	$ 59,531.00					Net Income From Continuing Ops	$ 57,411.00	$ 55,256.00	$ 59,531.00	26.01%	25.83%	26.36%
Nonrecurring Events								Nonrecurring Events
Discontinued Operations	1202	3802	-3407	-68.39%	-211.59%	-330.67%		Discontinued Operations	1202	3802	-3407	0.54%	1.78%	-1.51%
Extraordinary Items	-63	25	1	-352.00%	2400.00%	-98.44%		Extraordinary Items	-63	25	1	-0.03%	0.01%	0.00%
Effect of Accounting Changes	1139	3827	-3406	113800.00%	-212.36%	535.55%		Effect of Accounting Changes	1139	3827	-3406	0.52%	1.79%	-1.51%
Other Items	42	2781	3026	-98.49%	-8.10%	-485.97%		Other Items	42	2781	3026	0.02%	1.30%	1.34%
Net Income								Net Income
Net Income	57,453	58,037	56,505	-1.01%	-1.65%	18.79%		Net Income	57,453	58,037	56,505	26.03%	27.13%	25.02%
Preferred Stock and Other Adjustments	-	-	-					Preferred Stock and Other Adjustments	-	-	-
Net Income Applicable to Common Shares								Net Income Applicable to Common Shares				0	0	0

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