I need help with letter b. Thanks

Instructions . For some problems it may be helpful to use some algorithm covered in class as a subroutine . Integers being "very large" means you can't do things like create an array with # entries largest integer valuc, and you can't use lincar-time sorting algorithms like radix sort .You're also not allowed to use hash tables When a problem asks for an "efficient" algorithm, this means you should try to design arn algorithm whose worst-case complexity is as good as possible, but I'm not telling you what the problem's best possible complexity is . Some of the problems may be much more difficult than others, so don't feel bad if you don't solve them all