${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{i}s\text{b}\text{a}\text{s}\text{e}\text{d}onan\text{e}\text{x}\text{c}\text{h}\text{a}\text{n}\text{g}\text{e}\text{p}\text{r}\text{o}\text{c}\text{e}\text{s}\text{s}\text{,}in\text{w}\text{h}\text{i}\text{c}\text{h}\text{f}\text{o}\text{l}\text{l}\text{o}\text{w}\text{e}\text{r}\text{s}\text{a}\text{r}\text{e}\text{r}\text{e}\text{w}\text{a}\text{r}\text{d}\text{e}\text{d}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{g}\text{o}\text{o}\text{d}\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}\text{a}\text{n}\text{d}\text{p}\text{u}\text{n}\text{i}\text{s}\text{h}\text{e}\text{d}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{p}\text{o}\text{o}\text{r}\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}\text{.}}$

$a.$

Visionary leadership

$b.$

Charismatic leadership

$c.$

Leadership empowerment

$d.$

Transformational leadership

$e.$

Transactional leadership