I think the answer to the first question can easily be summarized with the third question. As a BSN nurse integrates new practices based on research, they have to consider legal and ethical issues that may not be explicitly stated in the paper. Moreover, a nurse should always consider the data and ethics behind any practices to protect their license. Legally, the buck stops and starts with the nurse who did/ did not do a certain task. For example, if a doctor orders the wrong dose for a medication, fault can still be placed on the nurse for giving the medication. Some of the 'evidence' behind evidence-based practice comes from the ANA code of ethics. It is a part of the criteria for a practice to be 'evidence-based' to uphold legal and ethical standards. Thanks to the IRB research (supplying the evidence) should not be conducted that is not legally and ethically sound. The research methods of a paper should lay out the work done on humans or animals. The article should also have information on its IRB approval, signifying its compliance with human subject rights protection. If one of your subjects became pregnant during the research, this might cause an ethical dilemma. If the research would take a relatively short amount of time and your patient is not far along, one might be tempted to continue giving the treatment and pretend to have no knowledge of the pregnancy. However, you should immediately report it to the IRB and remove the subject from the study