1. Hume’s solution to the problem of free will is based on a distinction between first-order and second-order desires. 

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2. According to Hume, free will is defined in terms of fulfilling reasons. 

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3. According to incompatibilism, it is not possible to reconcile determinism and free will.

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4. Hume’s view of free will is logically consistent with compatibilism.

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5. Determinism is the thesis that, for any event to occur, such as event E, there is a set of past events (say, events A, B, C, D) that are necessary and sufficient to cause E to occur.  

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6. Searle argues for the view that, even given the presence of the readiness potential, the subject can change her mind and decide not to perform the action in question.     

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7. According to Waller, a central problem regarding Sartre’s position is that if I completely make myself through my choices, then there seems to be no one originally there to set the choices in motion.

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8. Searle argues for the view that consciousness is necessary for the problem of free will.  

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9. Searle argues for a possible connection between free will and quantum events.

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10. Searle discusses whether the observation of the readiness potential in the brain proves that all of our actions are determined by brain events.

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11. Schwartz uses PET scans to take pictures of the brain to test the effectiveness of his 4-step cognitive behavioral therapy. 

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12. According to the libertarian view, the ability to do otherwise is a necessary condition of free will.  

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13. According to compatibilism, it is possible to reconcile free will and determinism.   

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14. Sartre’s existentialist view implies that persons do not persist (i.e., retain identity) over time.

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15. Sartre held that we construct ourselves by the choices we make.   

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16. Schwartz argues for the view that the neural circuitry of OCD can be changed by an agent’s voluntary use of attention.  

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17.  In Plato’s Republic, Socrates argues against the immoralist challenge advocated by Thrasymachus.

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18. Schwartz argues for the possibility of reconciling indeterminism and free will.  

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19.  According to incompatibilism, the ability to take or refrain from an action (i.e., alternative possibilities) is a necessary condition of free will.

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20. According to Schwartz, the ability to refocus attention is a crucial step in overcoming OCD.   

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21. According to Searle, free will would not be possible without conscious deliberation.  

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22. According to Schwartz’s 4-step cognitive behavioral therapy, conscious voluntary effort is required to overcome OCD. 

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23. Schwartz argues against epiphenomenalism.

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24. Schwartz does not use ERP (exposure and response prevention therapy) to help his patients overcome OCD. 

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