Identify the most effective method (observational study, experimental research or normative survey research) to conduct primary research related to the following situations. Justify your decision.

a. A large grocer has just installed new kiosks for customers to use when placing orders. The grocer would like to determine what percentage of shoppers use these newly installed kiosks to place orders.

b. The director of a day care center would like to evaluate the effectiveness of parent-involvement programs that are currently offered.

c. The activities director at a senior care center would like to determine if clients participate in more social activities when they are facilitated by a staff member or a guest from outside of the center.

d. Management wants to determine if one method of employee evaluation is more effective than another.

e. A large group of community and business leaders is searching for ways to create greater diversity in the region.

f. A popular clothing chain wants to determine if type of music played within a store affects the purchasing behavior of customers.