Identify whether the following studies are based on single samples, paired samples, or independent samples. If enough information is given, also identify whether you would use a test of means (like a t-test) or a test of proportions. a) An investigator compares vaccination histories in 30 schoolchildren with autism to an SRS of children without autism from the same school district. c) Liver enzymes are measured in a sample of people who smoke and their non-smoking siblings. c) A 24-hour food recall is collected from a random sample of individuals. Fiber intake is compared to recommended mean intake. d) A 24-hour food recall is collected from a random sample of individuals. We want to use these data to determine whether the prevalence of a plant-based diet has increased from the year 2000, when approximately 1% of the population ate a plant-based diet.

Problem 5.3 (derived from Gerstman 12.1, p. 270) Identify whether the following studies are based on single samples, paired samples, or independent samples. If enough information is given, also identify whether you would use a test of means (like a t-test) or a test of proportions. a) An investigator compares vaccination histories in 30 schoolchildren with autism to an SRS of children without autism from the same school district. c) Liver enzymes are measured in a sample of people who smoke and their non-smoking siblings. c) A 24-hour food recall is collected from a random sample of individuals. Fiber intake is compared to recommended mean intake. d) A 24-hour food recall is collected from a random sample of individuals. We want to use these data to determine whether the prevalence of a plant-based diet has increased from the year 2000, when approximately 1% of the population ate a plant-based diet