If a good is consumed when used $($like a hamburger$)$ it is considered $.$If a consumer can be prevented from using or consuming a good $($without first paying or meeting some criteria$),$ like a coffee at Starbucks, the good is considered $.$If a good has both of the characteristics described in the above $(1)$ and $(2)$ statements, it is considered a If a good's consumption doesn't diminish another's ability to consume the same good $($like a website$)$ it is considered $.$If a consumer cannot be prevented from using a good $($like watching a fireworks display$),$ the good is considered $.$If a good has both of the characteristics described in the above $(3)$ and $(4)$ statements, it is considered a Jackie pays for internet for herself, but her neighbor has a strong enough signal to use Jackie's internet without paying. Jackie's neighbor is a$($n$).$In a market transaction, the consumer and$/$or producer benefits from that transaction. Sometimes, a third party is either benefited or harmed by that market transaction. This benefit or harm is specifically called a$($n$).$ This would have the free$-$market cause deadweight loss, which is more generally called a$($n$).$Imagine Stephan purchases a new iphone. He knows he is clumsy, so he chooses to purchase "Apple Care" which is a form of insurance for his phone. Apple doesn't know the extent of Stephan's clumsiness, and Stephan keeps it a secret. This scenario can specifically be defined as having which causes deadweight loss in the market.Imagine Rachel purchases a new iphone. She is not particularly clumsy, but she chooses to purchase "Apple Care" which is a form of insurance for her phone. After purchasing the insurance, Rachel is a bit less careful about her phone, forgoing purchases of screen protectors and phone cases that would serve to protect the phone. Apple doesn't know Rachel's behavior change after the insurance is purchased. This scenario can specifically be defined as having which causes deadweight loss in the market.The two scenarios in $(7)$ and $(8)$ above are examples of in a market.Whenever a market failure exists, economists often look to government intervention as a correction for the market failure. But if the market has low transactions costs and well$-$defined property rights, the claims that a bargain can be made to reach the socially optimal outcome without government intervention.