If after deliberating for a considerable time a jury reports that it is deadlocked, the trial judge may do any of the following EXCEPT:

declare a mistrial. urge the jury to make further attempts to arrive at a verdict. give a supplemental instruction sometimes referred to as an Allen Charge. direct the jury to render "guilty" or "not guilty" verdict within a specified short period of time.

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?

After one side offers a witness as an expert and addresses his or her qualifications, the other side may cross-examine as to the witness's qualifications to testify as an expert. An expert witness is permitted to voice opinions within the range of his or her expertise. An expert witness may not answer hypothetical questions. A trial judge has considerable discretion in determining whether to receive a witness as an expert.

Which ONE of the following statements represents the current view of the United States Supreme Court with respect to race-based peremptory challenges of prospective jurors?

Racial motivation in the exercise of peremptory challenges is subject to challenge only when the defendant and the prospective juror are of the same race. Racial motivation of a prosecutor who exercises a peremptory challenge is subject to challenge irrespective of the defendant and prospective juror being of the same race. A defendant may challenge the prosecution's peremptory challenge, but the prosecution may not challenge a defendant from engaging in discrimination on the ground of race. Peremptory challenges by the prosecution and defense may be exercised subject to the discretion of the trial court without regard to racial motivation.

A challenge in which an attorney has broad discretion in excusing prospective jurors is known as a (an) ______________________.

peremptory challenge challenge for cause challenge to the venire Allen charge

When an accused takes the stand in his or her defense and testifies, the prosecution ______.

is prohibited by the Constitution from asking the defendant any questions may cross-examine the accused about his or her testimony with the same latitude as with any other witness may only ask the defendant questions previously approved by the trial judge may only ask the defendant questions previously submitted in writing to defense counsel by the prosecution

Under a scheme of _____________ sentencing, judges are free to impose particular sentences within ranges of minimum and maximum penalties prescribed by law.

indeterminate indefinite mandatory determinate

In an effort to incapacitate habitual criminals, many states have laws requiring _______ for persons repeatedly found guilty of felonies.

the death penalty mandatory enhanced penalties psychiatric evaluation community control

Which of the following elements are typically addressed in a presentence report?

the defendant's family background the defendant's employment history the defendant's criminal record, if any All of the above

Which of the following approaches to sentencing represents an effort to reduce sentencing disparities?

consecutive sentencing indeterminate sentencing sentencing guidelines None of these

The evidentiary standard that courts apply when considering whether to revoke probation is that the _______________.

alleged violation is proven beyond a reasonable doubt court is reasonably satisfied as to the probationer's violation alleged violation is established by a preponderance of the evidence alleged violation is established by clear and convincing evidence