If given an extremely non-normal empirical frequency distribution, does it make sense for a researcher to find the percentile rank using the z score and the standard normal distribution table? Why or why not? Describe two distributions (other than normal) that a researcher might encounter in data and when.

How might the absence of data screening affect a researcher's data quality, their interpretations of the data, and thereby their interpretations of their study's findings? What quantitative rule may be used to determine univariate outliers, and are there situations in which deleting a case/participant may be justified? Explain.