If the maximum loan$-$to$-$value ratio that a lender will accept on a $$100,000$ loan is $90$ percent, then the borrower must make

a minimum down payment of $$10,000$ plus closing costs.

a minimum down payment including closing costs of $$10,000.$

closing costs plus points of $$10,000.$

a maximum down payment of $$10,000.$

none of these.