Il. Background Information for Learners The Methodology is the part of the research paper that explains the procedure in collecting and analyzing data and also describes the sources of data. In writing scientific paper, IMRaD format is usually used as structure and "Methodology" becomes "Materials and Methods". As the name implies, it describes the Materials and the Methods of the study. Figure 1 below shows comparison of manuscript format and methodology. A. Biology-related parts: B. Invention-related parts: C. Descriptive research parts: Materials and Methods Materials and Methods Methodology Collection of Specimen . Planning and Design Purpose and Research Design Identification of Specimen Collection and Sample and Sampling Extraction and Treatment Construction Construction of Instrument Preparation . Testing of the Device Validity and Reliability of Instrument o Homogenization . Data Collection . Data Gathering Procedure Biosafety Level o Answer the specific Collection and Construction Assay/Testing research questions . Testing of the Device o Randomization . Data Analysis Data Collection . Data Collection o Answer the specific research o Answer the specific questions research questions . Data Analysis Data Analysis Disposal Figure 1. Materials and Methods format Key element in writing a comprehensive methodology/materials and methods parts of the manuscript is adopted from already proven standard methods. This means that the methods should be cited. If ever there are changes from the standardized method, then there