Illustrate with examples from your group project, or from experience you gained working for a commercial software developer, or both. In each case, would you discard this feature if your employer let you, or insist on retaining it (even covertly) should your employer not value it? Explain your reasons. (

Would it have been beneficial to use notify() instead of notifyAll() in your implementation? Justify your answer. [3 marks] 7 (TURN OVER) CST.2016.3.8 7 Prolog In this question you should ensure that your predicates behave appropriately with backtracking and avoid over-use of cut. You should provide an implementation of any library predicates used. You may not make use of extra-logical built-in predicates such as findAll. Minor syntactic errors will not be penalised. Software Engineering Discuss the contribution and the relative value of the following aspects of the modern development environment. Illustrate with examples from your group project, or from experience you gained working for a commercial software developer, or both. In each case, would you discard this feature if your employer let you, or insist on retaining it (even covertly) should your employer not value it? Explain your reasons. (a) Dividing a project into short development episodes or sprints. (b) Project progress visualisation tools such as PERT and GANTT charts. (c) Automated regression testing tools. (d) Source code management tools. (e) Scrumming

Write brief notes on functions as values and results in ML, illustrated with the help of the functionals map and exists. What functions can we obtain from these via currying? [6 marks] (b) Consider the function zarg defined below: fun zarg Describe a sequence of events that would allow external modification of an object stored within an IntListArray, despite correct copying on insertion. How could this be addressed in IntListArray? By adding protected void add (c) The solutions in parts (a) and (b) both involve a get() method returning an Object reference. (i) Explain why this is bad practice. [1 mark] (ii) Propose an alternative solution for a constrained array of Integer or LinkedList objects (only) that addresses this issue. [5 marks] 4 CST.2016.1.5 4 Object-Oriented Programming (a) Using example Java code, distinguish between overloading, overriding and shadowing when applied to Java methods. Set 1:

(b) Consider the use of a monad for input-output. For the purposes of this question, take the IO monad as including two operations readint and writeint which respectively read integers from stdin and write integers to stdout. Give the types of these operators. [2 marks] (c) Assume MLreadint and MLwriteint are primitives with side effects for inputoutput and consider the ML expression add1 of type int: let val x = MLreadint() in MLwriteint(x+1); x end (i) Give an equivalent expression which uses the IO monad instead of side-effects, and state its type. [3 marks] (ii) Give a function run2diff which can be applied to your answer to part (c)(i). When so applied it should give a value in the IO monad which corresponds to ML code that runs add1 twice and returns the difference between the values read. [4 marks] (d) State what happens when attempting to compile and execute the following Java fragment (explaining the origin of any error messages or exceptions which might arise

Set 2: Illustrate with examples from your group project, or from experience you gained working for a commercial software developer, or both. In each case, would you discard this feature if your employer let you, or insist on retaining it (even covertly) should your employer not value it? Explain your reasons. (a) Dividing a project into short development episodes or sprints. (b) Project progress visualisation tools such as PERT and GANTT charts. (c) Automated regression testing tools. (d) Source code management tools. (e) Scrumming

Write brief notes on functions as values and results in ML, illustrated with the help of the functionals map and exists. What functions can we obtain from these via currying? [6 marks] (b) Consider the function zarg defined below: fun zarg f - Your function should run in linear time in the size of the tree. [4 marks] (ii) Write function counts x t that counts the number of times that x occurs as a label in t, but without first converting t to a list. Well-known utility functions may be assumed to be available. 3 (TURN OVER) CST.2016.1.4 SECTION B 3 Object-Oriented Programming Java generics allows an ArrayList object to be constrained to use a single specific type (e.g. ArrayList). However, some applications require the ability to store objects of multiple unrelated types. In this question the aim is to store Integer objects alongside LinkedList objects. - Show how to a class IntListArray that extends this base class and accepts only Integer or LinkedList objects. Where appropriate, objects should be copied on insertion. Explain why this is bad practice.