IMPORTANT : SOLVE ALL QUESTIONS

1. What is the primary goal of operations management? a) Maximizing sales revenue b) Minimizing production costs c) Improving customer satisfaction d) Expanding market share e) Enhancing employee morale

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a "make-to-order" production strategy? a) High inventory levels b) Low production lead times c) Standardized products d) Mass production e) Limited customization options

3. Lean production aims to eliminate: a) Customer feedback loops b) Inventory waste c) Just-in-time (JIT) deliveries d) Cross-functional teams e) Quality control processes

4. Six Sigma methodology is primarily used to: a) Maximize production output b) Reduce process variation and defects c) Increase employee training costs d) Implement a make-to-stock strategy e) Optimize facility layout

5. Which component of the supply chain involves the actual production of goods? a) Distribution b) Procurement c) Warehousing d) Logistics e) Operations

6. What does "Kanban" represent in operations management? a) A scheduling technique b) A quality control method c) A capacity planning tool d) An inventory management system e) A project management software

7. Which approach focuses on reducing waste by continuously improving processes? a) Total Quality Management (TQM) b) Just-in-Time (JIT) production c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Critical Path Method (CPM) e) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

8. A company's ability to quickly respond to changes in customer demand is known as: a) Capacity planning b) Flexibility c) Economies of scale d) Process mapping e) Benchmarking

9. Which factor is NOT considered in location selection for a new production facility? a) Labor costs b) Proximity to suppliers c) Access to transportation networks d) Proximity to competitors e) Environmental regulations

10. Which of the following is a primary metric used to measure supply chain performance? a) Return on Investment (ROI) b) Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) c) Employee Turnover Rate d) Inventory Turnover Ratio e) Brand Equity

11. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) aims to: a) Increase production lead times b) Reduce machine downtime c) Implement batch production d) Optimize raw material procurement e) Standardize product specifications

12. What is the main purpose of a Gantt chart in project management? a) Resource allocation b) Demand forecasting c) Quality control d) Risk assessment e) Schedule visualization

13. Which of the following is an example of an intangible product in service operations? a) Smartphone b) Automobile c) Hotel room d) Refrigerator e) Legal advice

14. Just-in-Time (JIT) delivery systems aim to: a) Minimize machine utilization b) Reduce storage space requirements c) Maximize batch production sizes d) Extend production lead times e) Increase inventory holding costs

15. What does the "Theory of Constraints" focus on in operations management? a) Maximizing resource utilization b) Reducing production efficiency c) Identifying and overcoming bottlenecks d) Minimizing customer feedback e) Expanding product variety

16. Which type of forecasting method uses historical data to predict future demand? a) Causal forecasting b) Judgmental forecasting c) Delphi method d) Time series forecasting e) Scenario forecasting

17. Which approach involves moving production back to the home country from a foreign location? a) Outsourcing b) Offshoring c) Insourcing d) Reshoring e) Nearshoring

18. The "bullwhip effect" in supply chain management refers to: a) A sudden surge in customer demand b) A steady flow of inventory from suppliers c) A decrease in production lead times d) A lack of coordination among supply chain partners e) A decrease in inventory holding costs

19. What is the primary purpose of a Process Flow Diagram in operations management? a) To display organizational hierarchy b) To visualize material handling procedures c) To analyze financial performance d) To measure employee productivity e) To track customer complaints

20. Which of the following is a quality management tool used to prioritize problem-solving efforts? a) Pareto chart b) Histogram c) Control chart d) Fishbone diagram e) Scatter plot

21. Which inventory management system involves ordering materials only when they are needed for production? a) Safety stock system b) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) system c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system d) Reorder Point (ROP) system e) Just-in-Time (JIT) system

22. What does "kaizen" mean in operations management? a) Continuous improvement b) Lean manufacturing c) Just-in-Time (JIT) production d) Quality control e) Project management

23. The "critical path" in project management represents: a) The shortest path to project completion b) The most expensive tasks in the project c) The highest priority tasks in the project d) The least resource-intensive tasks in the project e) The path with the most critical milestones

24. The "Pareto Principle" suggests that: a) Most production defects are caused by a small number of root causes b) All resources should be allocated equally among different tasks c) The least profitable products should be prioritized for production d) Increasing production volume always leads to higher profits e) Quality control measures are unnecessary in a lean production environment

25. Which type of inventory includes goods that are currently in the production process? a) Raw materials inventory b) Work-in-process inventory c) Finished goods inventory d) Safety stock inventory e) Perpetual inventory

26. The process of determining the optimum quantity of goods to order to minimize total inventory costs is called: a) Demand forecasting b) Capacity planning c) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) d) Just-in-Time (JIT) delivery e) Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

27. The process of breaking down a larger project into smaller, manageable tasks is known as: a) Benchmarking b) Task allocation c) Work breakdown structure (WBS) d) Gantt charting e) Operations strategy

28. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative forecasting technique? a)

Moving averages b) Exponential smoothing c) Delphi method d) Time series analysis e) Linear regression

29. What does the "Service Blueprint" represent in service operations management? a) A map of service delivery processes b) A customer satisfaction survey c) A budget allocation plan d) A risk assessment report e) A product design schematic

30. Which inventory management approach aims to minimize the risk of stockouts while avoiding excessive inventory holding costs? a) Just-in-Time (JIT) b) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) d) Safety stock e) Reorder Point (ROP)

31. A "bottleneck" in operations management refers to: a) A production process with excess capacity b) A slow-moving supplier in the supply chain c) A constraint that limits overall process capacity d) A highly efficient and productive work center e) A process that has the highest throughput in the system

32. Which of the following is a key component of Total Quality Management (TQM)? a) Statistical process control b) Cross-functional teams c) Just-in-Time (JIT) production d) Time series forecasting e) Resource leveling

33. The primary goal of capacity planning is to: a) Maximize production output b) Minimize customer lead times c) Optimize facility layout d) Match production capacity with demand e) Reduce employee turnover

34. Which of the following is NOT a key principle of "agile manufacturing"? a) Modular product design b) Quick response to changing customer demands c) Long production lead times d) Collaborative supply chain relationships e) High degree of flexibility

35. Which performance metric assesses the efficiency of a company's overall operations? a) Return on Investment (ROI) b) Return on Assets (ROA) c) Asset Turnover Ratio d) Inventory Turnover Ratio e) Customer Retention Rate

36. "Total Productive Maintenance" (TPM) focuses on the proactive maintenance of: a) Financial records b) Raw materials inventory c) Production equipment and machinery d) Finished goods inventory e) Employee performance records

37. In the context of operations management, "outsourcing" refers to: a) Moving production processes to a foreign country b) Relocating the company headquarters c) Expanding the supply chain network d) Hiring temporary workers for peak periods e) Integrating vertical business functions

38. The "bullwhip effect" can be reduced by improving: a) Inventory turnover b) Production efficiency c) Demand forecasting accuracy d) Employee motivation e) Supplier relationships

39. Which of the following is a key advantage of implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems? a) Increased production lead times b) Enhanced data security c) Reduced process automation d) Improved supply chain visibility e) Decreased production capacity

40. Which inventory management system focuses on ordering goods to arrive just before they are needed in the production process? a) Safety stock system b) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) system c) Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system d) Reorder Point (ROP) system e) Just-in-Time (JIT) system

41. The "Theory of Constraints" emphasizes improving overall system performance by: a) Maximizing resource utilization b) Identifying and managing bottlenecks c) Reducing product variety d) Increasing inventory levels e) Expanding the supplier network

42. What is the purpose of "kaizen" in operations management? a) Increase production batch sizes b) Reduce machine downtime c) Implement lean manufacturing d) Establish long-term supplier contracts e) Standardize production processes

43. Which metric is used to determine the minimum level of inventory that should be maintained to prevent stockouts? a) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b) Safety stock level c) Just-in-Time (JIT) production d) Inventory turnover ratio e) Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

44. What is the main objective of "total quality management" (TQM) in operations? a) Minimizing employee training costs b) Maximizing production output c) Ensuring the lowest possible product cost d) Improving customer satisfaction and product quality e) Expanding market reach

45. The "Pareto Principle" suggests that approximately what percentage of problems are caused by a small number of root causes? a) 100% b) 75% c) 50% d) 25% e) 10%

46. What does "reordering point" (ROP) represent in inventory management? a) The time when a product reaches the end of its lifecycle b) The ideal time to place a new order for a product c) The minimum level of inventory that should be kept on hand d) The time it takes to receive a new order after it is placed e) The lead time for production processes

47. Which of the following is a qualitative forecasting technique based on the collective opinion of experts? a) Causal forecasting b) Time series forecasting c) Delphi method d) Moving averages e) Linear regression

48. What does "Service Blueprinting" involve in service operations management? a) Designing physical products b) Creating marketing strategies c) Visualizing service delivery processes d) Developing financial plans e) Analyzing production costs

49. "Just-in-Time" (JIT) delivery systems aim to reduce: a) Production lead times b) Inventory holding costs c) Demand forecasting accuracy d) Employee training time e) Supplier lead times

50. Which of the following is NOT a key element of "agile manufacturing"? a) Modular production processes b) Real-time data analytics c) Long production lead times d) Collaborative supplier relationships e) Rapid response to market changes