In $1958,26-$year$-$old Joan Williams was nominated by her co$-$workers at City Hall to represent Pasadena as Miss Crown City, which was a Rose Queen$-$esque honor at the time. Williams was "selected from a field of seven finalists by a committee of judges from newspapers and the Tournament of Roses Association," according to an Aug. $3,1958,$ article in the Independent Star News. In her capacity as Miss Crown City $1958,$ she was scheduled to ride on the city's float in the Jan. $1,1959,$ Rose Parade, but was denied the honor after city officials discovered the white looking Williams had an African slave ancestor and so canceled the float. Then$-$Pasadena Mayor Seth Miller, who had crowned Williams at a coronation ceremony, later refused to take a photo with her at the annual city employees' picnic at Brookside Park, and she was$-$also not allowed to cut the grand opening ribbons at Sears, J$.$W$.$ Robinson and other businesses.

State and briefly explain what race rule was used here to categorize the whitelooking Williams? $8$points

Briefly explain how this story helps you to understand race as a social construct in United States. $12$ points