In $1967,$ Jacques Bertin published S$$miologie Graphique. In this book, he identified a number of pre$-$attentive attributes $($two of which are related to the planar dimensions of $x$ and $y)$ that our brains use to perceive data on a typical printed page without conscious effort. These visual variables are $($select all that apply$)$:

value

color

texture

shape

position

size

orientation

order