In $1967,$ Ralph Lauren opened a necktie store in New York City where he sold ties of his own design, under the label "Polo." The firm has been very successful, and into a multi$-$product firm that sells through leading department stores. It also sells through its own web site

www$.$ralphlauren.com. Ralph Lauren is using

$$ a$.$ vector marketing.

b$.$ a strategic channel alliance.

c$.$ just$-$in$-$time inventory management.

d$.$ multichannel distribution.

e$.$ industrial distribution.