In $2021,$ Apple released four new iPhone models: the iPhone$13($priced from $$799),$ the smaller iPhone mini $($$$599),$ the iPhone

Pro $($$$999),$ and a larger iPhone Pro Max $($$$1,099).$ The premium$-$price Pro models both feature more cameras, better screens

with a faster refresh rate, and faster graphics processors. The more expensive Pro Max also has a larger screen. Apple continued

to sell the previous$-$generation iPhone $12($$$599),$ iPhone $11($$$499),$ and the now underpowered iPhone SE $($$$399).$ All the

phones use the same operating system, but the higher$-$end models include new technologies, higher$-$end parts, and more color

choices.

Companies release alternative versions of the same product to

By charging lower prices to price$-$sensitive customers for phones with cheper components, Apple