In 2008 the Pew Research Center interviewed a random sample of 5,566 registered voters and found that 36% were Democrats, 27% Republicans, and 37% Independents. Let's assume that this was the actual distribution for political party affiliation for all registered voters in 2008. A random sample of 250 voters in 2012 found that 32% were Democrats, 22% Republicans, and 46% Independents. When a chi-square goodness-of-fit test is performed to determine if the distributions of political party affiliation for all registered voters in 2012 is the same as stated for 2008, the test statistic is 8.90 and the P-value is 0.012. What should we conclude if using a significance level of 0.05?

a.) The proportion of voters with Independent affiliation is significantly greater than 0.37.

b.) There is a statistically significant association between year and party affiliation.

c.) Year is independent of party affiliation.

d.) The distribution of political party affiliation for all registered voters in 2012 is different from that stated for 2008.