In 450 words or more, please go over the module topics carefully and discuss the following topics;

1. what do we mean by passive investment? What are the impacts of passive investments on the balance sheet and the income statement?

2. Accounting for inter-corporate investment under the equity method, and the Equity method impact on the ROE.

3. the basic rules for consolidation, accounting for non-controlling interests (minority interests).

4. difference between fair value hedge vs. cash flow hedge and impact of each hedge on the income statement.

5. Accounting equity carve-out: sell-off, spin-off, and split-off.