Question: In a cohort study the risk ration for COPD for moderate smokers versus non-smokers was 3.0. For heavy smokers compared to non-smokers, the risk ration

In a cohort study the risk ration for COPD for moderate smokers versus non-smokers was 3.0. For heavy smokers compared to non-smokers, the risk ration was 9.0.

a) What would the risk ratio be for non-smokers, if heavy smokers were the reference category (2 decimal places)?

b) What would the risk ration be for moderate smokers, if heavy smokers were the reference category (2 decimal places)?

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