Question: In C . elegans, cell - cell signaling specifies vulval cell fates, causing the Pn . p cells to adopt primary, secondary or tertiary fates.

In C. elegans, cell-cell signaling specifies vulval cell fates, causing the Pn.p cells to adopt primary, secondary or tertiary fates. Which of the following gives the predicted effect of a loss-of-function mpk-1(kinase downstream of Ras) mutation on primary cell fate (i.e. increase, decrease or no change) and the most correct rationale?

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